Adolphe Appia and Edward Gordon Craig

Adolphe Appia and Edward Gordon Craig Adolphe Appia and Edward Gordon Craig never collaborated with each other in work or spent any significant time in each others company, but their names are linked together before they had met or corresponded and have remained so to this day. Appia and Craig worked independently of each other to lay the foundation of modern three dimensional theatre practices. Adolphe Appia Adolphe Appia (1862-1928), was a Swiss lighting design innovator who saw the possibility of using light during scenic changes and with striking special effects. Appia was the first to develop and use multi-directional colored lighting to paint the stage and move in harmony with the theatrical production (Brockett 78). Adolphe Appia believed that light was a medium capable of conveying both external and internal meanings. Appia observed contemporary theatre and thought that most productions failed to use light and its potential to serve a production. The newly introduced electrical lighting was utilized with a dull notion of how light can work and appeared exceptionally bright, which destroyed any sense of dimensions and depth. Appia began to study light and plotted a detailed course to follow in order for light to become a set of principles underlying and guiding the medium. With this concept in mind, he theorized that light must break away from its enslavement to painted scenery (Beacham 25). Appia stated that an object lit from three or four directions throw no shadows (Beachman 25). Appia then decided that light did not support the expressiveness of music nor did it properly emphasize the plastic, three dimensional, form of the actor and the setting (Beachman 24). Appia discovered that in order to enhance the setting and create a three dimensional look, he first had to identify two types of light and then use them. The first type is diffused light, which provides a layer of light to enhance the more suggestive lighting effects. The second type of light was active, which highlighted what it lit; providing the means for enhancing both the external and inner settings as well. Active light allows the night, be it the moon or torches shining, or the supernatural to be expressed. Diffused and active lighting are used simultaneously, however, only in terms of the intensity. Appia discovered that to avoid extreme shadows, which weakens the effect of active light; diffused lighting can illuminate the setting and the actor. When visibility on stage and shadows are suppressed, active lighting can be used to enable a more dimensional atmosphere. Using these two types of lighting, Appia began to define the shapes and objects on stage, thus enhancing the th ree dimensional plastic form and transformed the idea of plasticity with light on stage (Beachman 26). As part of an exploration of this idea, Appia applied his theory to a stage that did not have true three dimensions. He developed the use of lighting in four forms: 1) the fixed border lights illuminated the painted flats. 2) Footlights were used to light the set and actor from both front and below. 3) Moveable spotlights focused a precise beam or various projections. 4) Light from behind to create a transparent illusion. Appia did find it most difficult to harmonize all of the forms together. His findings of how to use multiple light effects enabled him to manipulate the apparatuses of the time as well as to progress into the future (Beachman 27). Appia then began to realize that light could also give a sense of time, emotion and dimension (Beachman 62). He began intertwining light and music and time. By this he established the convention of light moving (while in sync with the music) and capturing the audiences attention (Brockett 142). As he continued to apply and adapt his own theory to theatrical festivals he designed and/or collaborated with, Appia concludes:   Ã‚   Light, just like the actor, must become activeLight has an almost miraculous flexibilityit can create shadows, make them living, and spread the harmony of their vibrations in space just as music does. In light we possess a most powerful means of expression. Appia conceptualized ahead of his time; he theorized that by having more mobile and easily handled apparatuses will produce active lighting, but would also require further study to perfect their operation. The diffused light would require more fixed installations in order to complement big screens of transparency (Beachman 28). Appia was highly influential in the theatre arts and continued his theories with other theatrical theorists as well as working with Edward Gordon Craig to further develop the idea of complete plasticity through light. Edward Gordon Craig Edward Gordon Craig (1872-1966), was an English stage design innovator who defined stage lighting for the modern theatre. He believed that the theatre should be free from dependency on realism and the actor. The actor along with light as a key element should be controlled by one person, the master artist known as the director today. Unlike Adolphe Appia, Craig thought that the theatre only needed one master artist to create all of the production elements and focused on lighting as a general illumination for the whole composition (Brockett 146). Craigs focus on scenic design began to take a more prominent role and lighting became only an afterthought; for which all of his sets and actors were visible to the audience. He achieved this by using border lights, wing strip lights and footlights (Pilbrow 3). With Craig focusing more on the overall visual impact of coordination and balance between light movement, objects and special relationships, he found himself strongly in disagreement with Appias theory that the actors body movement was more significant to be considered above all other elements (Beachman 68). Appia took a deep interest as to why Craig disagreed, so he corresponded with Craig, discussing ideas and concerns. Through this collaboration Craig and Appia combined their ideas into one theory: creating complete plasticity with light. They were to present the Plasticity Theory at the Cologne Exhibit of 1913. However, their first meeting in person was an acrimonious one and Craig refused to present. Frustrated with Appias constant focus on the human body and music, Craig voiced his opinion rather sternly: I told him that for me, the human body in movement seemed to signify less and less and that his vision was clouded by the veils of music and the human form (Beachman 69). Appia refused to present without Craig and after much discussion, they were able to set aside their differences and presented the Appia and Craig Theory of Plasticity at the Cologne Exhibit on May 19, 1913 (Beachman 70). Both Edward Gordon Craig and Adolphe Appia were the innovators of modern stage lighting; their ability to think beyond the technology available at the time, has paved the way to lighting design today. Bibliography Beachman, Richard. Adolphe Appia: Artist and Visionary of the Modern Theatre. Hardwood Academic Publishers: Great Britain, 1994. Brockett, Oscar G. and Hildy. History of Theatre. Allyn Bacon: USA, 2007. Pilbrow, Richard. Stage Lighting Design: The Art, The Craft, The Life. Design Press: New York, 1997. Adolphe Appia Lighting effects Three dimensional effects   Ã‚   Edward Gordon Craig The Mask: Lighting effects Scale effects

Strength, Personality, and Style Assessments & Motivation Essay

In my paper regarding strength assessments from the Rath’s Strengths Finder 2.00 (Rath) I learned how it can improve the development of my leadership. About a year ago I took the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator assessment (The Myers & Briggs Foundation); I was identified as an ENTJ and ENFJ (split personality). I recently took another assessment detailing with my style (Style Analysis). The strength finder 2.0 assessment defined my top five leadership strengths; the Myers Briggs defined my personality; and this new assessment defining my style behavior. These assessments are very valuable in knowing who I am as a leader. Leadership is about getting others to accomplish goals bigger than themselves. That requires motivation. Now that I understand more about myself and my leadership style, how can I use this knowledge to motivate and persuade others? In the lecture presentation by Dr Homes (Homes) he discussed how the strength-finder is a tool that he uses in his operations to help and identify strengths that both compliment and fill missing gaps. These assessments help identify compatibility. Compatibility includes your co-workers, superiors, subordinates and other in the work place but also in your personal life. He discussed the need to understand the strength of others so that we can relate to them better. And by relating better, we are able to manage, motivate and lead them better. He clearly articulated the value of the strength finder assessment for better leadership. The assessment that I recently took at work was titled Style Analysis (Style Analysis) also referred to as the DISC style analysis, (See attached materials) and was part of a presentation by Phil Begley, Managing Principal of Riverstone Organizational Ad... ... Begley, Phil. "Coaching Diverse Styles." Greenville: Rivestone Organicational Advisors, Inc., 2011 Presentation March 3rd, 2011 at Mount Pleasant Waterworks, Mount Pleasant, SC 29464 Collins, Jim. Good To Great. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2001. Greg Laurie, General Editor. New Believer's Bible. Ed. Greg Laurie. Carol Stream: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 2006. Homes, Dr. Sonny. "Strength Finder 2.0" Leacture March 3, 2011 at Charleston Southern University, SC Northouse, Peter G. Leaderhip Theory and Practice. Ed. Fifth Edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc, 2010. Rath, Tom. Strengths Finder 2.0. New York: Gallup Press, 2007. "Style Analysis"- Target Traning International, Ltd, 2011. The Myers & Briggs Foundation. 2011. 6 March 2011 . Strength, Personality, and Style Assessments & Motivation Essay In my paper regarding strength assessments from the Rath’s Strengths Finder 2.00 (Rath) I learned how it can improve the development of my leadership. About a year ago I took the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator assessment (The Myers & Briggs Foundation); I was identified as an ENTJ and ENFJ (split personality). I recently took another assessment detailing with my style (Style Analysis). The strength finder 2.0 assessment defined my top five leadership strengths; the Myers Briggs defined my personality; and this new assessment defining my style behavior. These assessments are very valuable in knowing who I am as a leader. Leadership is about getting others to accomplish goals bigger than themselves. That requires motivation. Now that I understand more about myself and my leadership style, how can I use this knowledge to motivate and persuade others? In the lecture presentation by Dr Homes (Homes) he discussed how the strength-finder is a tool that he uses in his operations to help and identify strengths that both compliment and fill missing gaps. These assessments help identify compatibility. Compatibility includes your co-workers, superiors, subordinates and other in the work place but also in your personal life. He discussed the need to understand the strength of others so that we can relate to them better. And by relating better, we are able to manage, motivate and lead them better. He clearly articulated the value of the strength finder assessment for better leadership. The assessment that I recently took at work was titled Style Analysis (Style Analysis) also referred to as the DISC style analysis, (See attached materials) and was part of a presentation by Phil Begley, Managing Principal of Riverstone Organizational Ad... ... Begley, Phil. "Coaching Diverse Styles." Greenville: Rivestone Organicational Advisors, Inc., 2011 Presentation March 3rd, 2011 at Mount Pleasant Waterworks, Mount Pleasant, SC 29464 Collins, Jim. Good To Great. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2001. Greg Laurie, General Editor. New Believer's Bible. Ed. Greg Laurie. Carol Stream: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 2006. Homes, Dr. Sonny. "Strength Finder 2.0" Leacture March 3, 2011 at Charleston Southern University, SC Northouse, Peter G. Leaderhip Theory and Practice. Ed. Fifth Edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc, 2010. Rath, Tom. Strengths Finder 2.0. New York: Gallup Press, 2007. "Style Analysis"- Target Traning International, Ltd, 2011. The Myers & Briggs Foundation. 2011. 6 March 2011 .

American Dollar Vs Indian Rupee

Real story of American Dollar v/s Indian Rupee An Advice to all who are worrying about fall of Ind ian Rupee Throughout the country please stop using cars exce pt for emergency for only seven days (Just 7 days) Definitely Dollar rate will come down. This is tru e. The value to dollar is given by petrol only. Thi s is called Derivative Trading. America has stoppe d valuing its Dollar with Gold 70 years ago. Americans understood that Petrol is equally valuab le as Gold so they made Agreement with all the Mid dle East countries to sell petrol in Dollars only.That is why Americans print their Dollar as legal tender for debts. This mean if you don't like the ir American Dollar and go to their Governor and as k for repayment in form of Gold,as in India they w on't give you Gold. You observe Indian Rupee, † I promise to pay the b earer†¦ † is clearly printed along with the signat ure of Reserve Bank Governor. This mean, if you do n't like Indian Rupee and ask for repayment, Reserv e Bank of India will pay you back an equal value o f gold. (Actually there may be minor differences in the Transaction dealing rules, but for easy comprehension I am explaining this) Let us see an example.Indian petroleum minister g oes to Middle East country to purchase petrol, the Middle East petrol bunk people will say that lite r petrol is one Dollar. But Indians won't have dollars. They have Indian R upees. So what to do now? So That Indian Minister will ask America to give Dollars. American Federal Reserve will take a white paper , print Dollars o n it and give it to the Indian Minister. Like this we get dollars , pay it to petrol bunks and buy p etrol. But there is a fraud here.If you change your mind  and want to give back the Dollars to America we c an't demand them to pay Gold in return for the Dol lars. They will say † Have we promised to return s omething back to you? Haven't you checked the Doll ar ? We clearly printed on the Dollar that it is D ebt† So, Americans don't need any Gold with them to pri nt Dollars. They will print Dollars on white paper s as they like. At present the problem of India is the result of b uying those American Dollars.American white paper s are equal to Indian Gold. So if we reduce the co nsumption of petrol and cars, Dollar will come down  And here is a small thing other than petrol , what we can do to our Indian Rupee YOU CAN MAKE A HUGE DIFFERENCE TO THE INDIAN ECONOM Y BY FOLLOWING FEW SIMPLE STEPS:Please spare a couple of minutes here for the sake of India. Here's a small example:At 2008 August month 1 US $ = INR Rs 39. 40 At 2013 August now 1 $ = INR Rs 62 Do you think US Economy is booming? No, but Indian Economy is Going Down. Our economy is in your hands. INDIAN economy is in a crisis. Our country like many other ASIAN countr ies, is undergoing a severe economic crunch.Many  INDIAN industries are closing down. The INDIAN eco nomy is in a crisis and if we do not take proper s teps to cont rol those, we will be in a critical si tuation. More than 30,000 crore rupees of foreign exchange are being siphoned out of our country on products such as cosmetics, snacks, tea, beverages , etc. which are grown, produced and consumed here. A cold drink that costs only 70 / 80 paise to prod uce, is sold for Rs. 9 and a major chunk of profits from these are sent abroad. This is a serious dra in on INDIAN economy.We have nothing against Mult  inational companies, but to protect our own intere st we request everybody to use INDIAN products onl y at least for the next two years. With the rise i n petrol prices, if we do not do this, the Rupee w ill devalue further and we will end up paying much more for the same products in the near future. W Buy only products manufactured by WHOLLY INDIAN CO MPANIES. Each individual should become a leader for this awareness. This is the only way to save our country from severe economic crisis. You don't nee d to give-up your lifestyle. You just need to choo se an alternate product.Daily products which are COLD DRINKS,BATHING SOAP ,TOOTH PASTE,TOOTH BRUSH ,SHAVING CREAM,BLADE, TAL CUM POWDER ,MILK POWDER ,SHAMPOO , Food Items etc. all you need to do is buy Indian Goods and Make s ure Indian rupee is not crossing outside India. Every INDIAN product you buy makes a big differenc e. It saves INDIA. Let us take a firm decision tod ay. we are not anti-multinational. we are trying to sa ve our nation. every day is a struggle for a real freedom. we achieved our independence after losing many lives. they died painfully to ensure that we live peacefully.The current trend is very threatening. multinationals call it globalization of indian eco nomy. for indians like you and me, it is re-coloni zation of india. the colonist's left india then. b ut this time, they will make sure they don't make any mistakes. russia, s. korea, mexico – the list is very long!! let us learn from their experience story. let us do the duty of every nally, it's obvious that you can't the items mentioned above. so give item for the sake of our country. and from our hi true indian. Fi give up all of up at least one

The Identity Theory Of Mind With Dualism - 1259 Words

Anooj Bathula Exam 3 1. Compare and contrast the physicalist identity theory of mind with dualism about the mind. â€Å"Physicalism is the position that everything that exists does so within the limits of its physical properties, and that there are no other kinds of things other than physical.†* To concisely describe physicalism in my words, it is the idea that we agree to everything being physical or in â€Å"flesh†. â€Å"In the philosophy of mind, dualism is the theory that the mental and the physical—or mind and body or mind and brain—are, in some sense, radically different kinds of thing.† Now to briefly describe dualism, it is the idea that emotions are entirely separate from our bodies; they are not a part of us. I believe both physicalism and dualism to be somewhat imperfect in their own exclusive ways. To properly explain the two contrasting ideas it would be best to take what they both argue for or against. That’s why I have decided it would be best to use the concept of love; an emotion that can effortlessly make the differences between the two views and how the two compare apparent. Love is something that dualists would probably say is undoubtedly separate from the physical body. The thing that can be argued is that you can t simply point to love; you can t open up your head and physically see the love there in your skull, so they would argue that it is clearly separate from the physical body. However, modern science has shown us that when someone is in love or has feelingsShow MoreRelatedIs The Mind Body Problem?1219 Words   |  5 Pagesof their main issues faced in philosophy is the mind-body problem, and philosophers are still trying to solve this predicament to this day. The mind-brain problem is trying better to understand whether a person’s mental processes are the same as their physical processes. 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